Human growth and development-Conception to Birth Essay

ConceptionThis is the very first stage of the making of a human baby which is kn suffer as conception. This is when the sex electric cell or (gamete) from the males sperm and agamete from the womans ovum or egg cell join to form the embryo.Conception dejection only occur during ovulation, which happens al about the ticker of the month between menstrual periods.The human babys life dismays as a single cell which is form when the sperm and egg cell join and the egg becomes fertilised, creating life. The fertilised egg (zygote) divides into two and continues to do so rapidly, at this stage some cells form the embryo and some of the targetnta. These cells now resemble a mulberry, are called morulla and take rough 4 days to travel along the fallopian tube and into the uterus. This point it is called a blastocyst.The blastocyst now gets attached to the uterus rampart by tiny projections called villi. Once it attached to the uterus it connects to the blood stream, so it is able to a bsorb oxygen and essential nutrients for fast growth. Around 10 to 14 days after conception the baby is called an embryo.After conception and the embryo is formed bustment of it begins into a full term foetus. The 3 stages of development are known as trimesters.First trimesterWeek 3(embryonic stage) first period missed.Foundation of the brain and nervous system is laid downAmnion sac is formed around the embryo, which floats in a liquid (the amniotic fluid).The placenta is formed, which lies against the uterus wall and acts as the liver, lungs and kidneys for the embryo and the foetus. The placenta is connected to the embryos circulatory system by the umbilical cord. Nutrients pass through with(predicate) to the embryo and digestive waste products and CO2 pass from the baby to the mother.(Btec national early years, Penny tassoni)Week 4 the nervous tube closes( if this does not close spina bifida occurs)The embryo is around 6.4mm in lengthWeek 5 the babys heart be can be detect ed and the embryo is now the same size as a small seed.Week 8 the embryo is a round of golf 8mm long, and has developed the startle reflex. The g everywherenance of the looks, ears, organs and limb buds is at a rudimentary stage.Foetal stage (week 12) the baby is now called a foetus and all its body parts stomach large they just need to be refined. The foetus can swallow, cull, somersault and has also developed the sucking reflex. The foetus organs are functioning it measures about 7.5cm and has downy hair and fingernails.Second trimesterWeek 15 the foetus hears its first soundsWeek 16- the genitals of the foetus have formed. From this stage the sex of the baby can be determined all though difficult. A greasy wax substance covers the babys skin, this is called vernix.Week 20- the baby weighs around 460g and babies born at this stage have a very low chance of survival.Week 22- baby can dream and feel emotions. It develops reflex to root and grasp, their bones change and thei r body grows.Week 24- if born at this stage has a reasonable chance of survival with intensive care as lungs are not nonetheless fully developed. The eyes open for the first time.Week 27- is very active e.g. kicking and moving around, and weighs around 500g and is 33cms long.Third trimesterWeeks 28-32- the foetus rapidly grows to about 1700g and is about 35cm long. Developing brain able to process information much and respond to it, like recognising voices peculiarly the mothers. Starts to develop waking and sleeping rhythm.Weeks 33-36 foetus continues to grow and gains bout 280g a week Brain develops rapidly and tribal chief grows more to allow this. Fine hair covering body disappears. The foetus can now swallow, strike breathing movements and urinate. Glycogen forms in liver for energy during birth and soon afterwards. Also the head engages in the pelvis for 1st pregnancies otherwise may not be until labour.Weeks 37-40- amount of amniotic fluid reduces and foetus grows to fi ll amniotic sac. Foetus is about 3kg and its head is lying down. Birth may take place between weeks 38 and 42.Now that the baby is born, some dramatic changes provide take place in all areas of their growth and development, during its first year of life. infra is a month by month guide to how babies grow and develop up until the age of 1 year.0-1 months- babies express emotion mainly by crying, grimacing, or displaying a bright and alert face. Babies are very open to learning at around 3 to 6 weeks they develop diametric crying sounds for different needs e.g. hunger. Babies have reflexes which help them to survive and as they start to fade their movements become more deliberate and controlled. E.g. the walking reflex disappears after the first some weeks and they learn to walk at around 12 months. It is important to interact with babies as they gain a lot from it, especially with their family or carers.1 month- most babies lift their heads, respond to sounds, and stare at faces. Some babies may also be able to follow objects, ohh and ahh, and can see black and white patterns. Their coat of arms are very active and constantly moving although they do not have much control over them. At this age babies start to take their carers face and voice and they become settled if they hear, smell, feel or see their parent or carer. Between now and 2 months of age babies communicate by cooing and use of gestures, this shows their skill to take turns in conversation.2 months at this age babies are on their way to realising that they and their carer are separate beings. Babies can temper up head for short periods and they entrust also follow objects. Babies show a variety of emotions (e.g. hunger) via their facial expressions, arm, leg and finger movements.3 months- Babies can hold their head up and may roll over when placed on tummy and they will also begin to wave and kick their arms as their muscles are strengthening. Babies will watch their own move overs, will press them together and clasp reach together in finger play.They begin to eat and sleep more regularly, respond to voices, grimace atfaces become more alert and look around for longer, cry and vocalizemore.4 months- at this age babies can hold their head up and put weight on their legs as muscles strengthen. Around now babies develop vowel sounds and then their first consonants sounds are heard, which are learnt through self exploration (this is also know as babbling and usually occurs when babies are alone). Babies at 4 months begin to develop their self image which helps them over the coming months discover the kind of person they are as well as what they can do.5 months- babies can distinguish between bold colours, roll over, and amuse themselves by playing with hands and feet. They enjoy listening to music, looking at speakers lips and mouth to show that they enjoy listening to speech. Babies will show a clear preference for a loved one. Their primitive squeeze appears but the ir hand movement is uncontrolled therefore finds it difficult to let go of objects. Also they enjoy practising dropping and throwing e.g. toys.6 months- up until now babies gain an average of 0.5oz (14.2g) to 1oz (28.4g) every day The babies coo and smiling now effect to babbling and chuckling. Between now and 10 months babies will babble (add on consonants and make strings of sound e.g. dah dah dah). Babies opportunity to play increases, especially when encouraged by an interested adult. Encouragement to interact and play promotes positive self image. By now most babies have learned all the staple and distinct sounds of their native language.Babies of this age will also reach out for things and grasp them, sleep in a favourite position, get their first teeth, caper and squeal, shows pleasure and displeasure through sounds, looks carefully at things they see, recognises carer best may be afraid of others.7 months- they can sit without support, reach for objects with a wholesale mo tion and imitate speech sounds. Babies of this age are aware of their emotions or feelings and start to realise that others have emotional responses linked to their interactions they also begin to develop their understanding that they exist separate to others.8 months- babies of this age can say dada and mama to both parents (they arent specific), begin to crawl and pass objects from hand to hand. Words begin to have some meaning and they form a clear image that those around them are important.9 months- babies learn hand eye co-ordination to pick up small objects. They handle objects with enthusiasm e.g. passing from one hand to the other. Develops early pincer grip. Babies of this age should be able to combine syllables into volume like sounds, stand while holding onto something, sit unsupported for up to a minute, imitate sounds, watch others, feed self, hold bottle, be shy with strangers, smile at own face, and respond to own name.Babies communication becomes increasingly intent ional, they may show object as a way to communicate which paves the way for pointing. They begin to understand familiar names of people and objects, and babbling is in longer strings (bababa mamama)10 months- babies begin to respond to simple commands such as up you come. They are able to wave goodbye, pick things up with developed pincer grasp, crawl well, and cruise. Babies of this age can tell the difference between their own regional accent and foreign ones, and understands her name.11 months- can say dada and mama to the right parent (is specific), plays patty-cake, stands alone for a couple of seconds, can upgrade upstairs, can scribble with crayons. At this age babies will begin to speak in gibberish while making a few clear sounds. It is at this age that social skills advance. Imitation also starts, where they love to copy but they learn through doing so.12 months- at this age babies become more receptive of doing things themselves, being independent and more open to thing s around them. They pick up small objects e.g. crumbs with a confident pincer grip they use both hands freely but may show preference for one. Children are now aware of themselves as people in their own right. Sometimes this is shown in negatively charged ways of strong will e.g. throwing a tantrum to get required attention. Their first words are linked to familiar things e.g. daddy, car.Babies will begin to imitate others activities, jabber word like sounds, indicate wants with gestures. The birth weight will have tripled by this age, and most will have grown a total of around 10 inches in length since birth. Most babies are able to sit steady for 10 minutes, pull self to a standing position, crawl on hands and knees, understand no no, says two words, become more confident with strangers, show emotions e.g. affection, likes to be with adults, cooperates in dressing, and turns pages in books.First single words are spoken in a childs version e.g. du for duck. Will understand names o f people and objects in a normal context. Will begin to shake head for no and try to sing to music.