Racism, Revenge, the War without Mercy, and the Decision...

Introduction Historians like Gar Alperovitz and Martin Sherwin have known for many years, based on declassified U.S. government documents that Japan was going to surrender in 1945 even if the atomic bombs were no dropped and that no invasion would ever have been necessary. Their only condition was that the United States guaranteed the safety of the Emperor Hirohito, and in the end the Truman administration agreed to this rather than prosecuting him as a war criminal (Sherwin xviii). At the time in the summer of 1945, all the top military and civilian officials of the administration except Secretary of State James Byrnes had already advised Truman to accept the Japanese surrender on this condition. Yet when the Potsdam Declaration was issued in July 1945, Truman and Byrnes removed the condition that would have allowed the emperor to remain in power. As Herwin put it, for forty years, the American public had been misled about the decision-making process, as indeed most of it still is even today (Sh erwin xv). From secret documents declassified over the last thirty years, Alperovitz and Sherwin also proved conclusively that Truman, Byrnes and Winston Churchill regarded the atomic bomb as an instrument of diplomatic coercion to win concessions from the Soviets in Eastern Europe and Asia, and that they dropped it on Japan as a demonstration of resolve that they had the will to use it on Russia. Americans like to see themselves as the good guys in history and still regardShow MoreRelated Trumans Blunder: The Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb1766 Words   |  8 PagesThe atomic policy against Japan was closely related to the fear of Soviet expansion in Asia. U.S. leaders were strongly conscious of Russia’s agreement at Yalta to join the war against Japan three months past Germany’s surrender on May 7, 1945 (Fogelman, 124). Among the U.S. invasion of Japan planned for November 1, 1945, U.S. officials were doubtful about the cooperative mission with Russia in which Russ ia would have power at the peace table. However, the successful detonation at Alamogordo hadRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pages Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History Jack Metzgar, Striking Steel: Solidarity Remembered Janis Appier, Policing Women: The Sexual Politics of Law Enforcement and the LAPD Allen Hunter, ed., Rethinking the Cold War Eric Foner, ed., The New American History. Revised and Expanded Edition E SSAYS ON _ T WENTIETH- C ENTURY H ISTORY Edited by Michael Adas for the American Historical Association TEMPLE UNIVERSITY PRESS PHILADELPHIA Temple

The War is Over Post World War I in Virginia Woolfs Mrs....

War is an important theme in Mrs. Dalloway (1925), a post World War I text. While on the one hand there is the focus on Mrs. Dalloway’s domestic life and her ‘party consciousness’, on the other there are ideas of masculinity and â€Å"patriotic zeal that stupefy marching boys into a stiff yet staring corpse and perniciously public-spirited doctors† , and the sense of war reverberates in the entire text. Woolf’s treatment of the Great War is different from the normative way in which the War is talked about in the post world war I texts. She includes in her text no first hand glimpse of battlefield, instead gives a detached description. This makes it more incisive because she delineates the after effects in personal ordinary lives. Judith†¦show more content†¦They enjoy a privileged, cocooned lifestyle and do not show any signs of worry about the war and its consequences unless they wished to put up a pretence of awareness, concern and sympath y as an instrument of deriving power and authority, like Lady Bruton. Mrs. Dalloway brushes aside the slight awareness that the war has created horror, havoc and turbulence, the confusion over the committee for the â€Å"Armenians or the Albanians† and the sense that it is impossible to return to the pre-war era. For her these were insignificant in front of Richard Dalloway’s proposal and romantic gestures, and the flowers. However, Lois R. Robley remarks that â€Å"the unfortunate events of Septimus’s suicide interrupts and disrupts Mrs. Dalloway’s party, forcing her and society to think about the death of the young men just returned from war, a war not so soon forgotten.† â€Å"So prying and insidious were the fingers of the European War† suggests the all encompassing nature of the war. No matter how much people might think that they are sheltered, no aspects have been left untouched. Once the war starts even something as personal as the à ¢â‚¬Å"geranium bed† is destroyed, nothing is spared. The most private as well as public spaces are intruded, damaged and scarred by the war. War affected not just soldiers but also civilians like the ‘cook’, Lady Bexborough and Miss Kilman. Miss Kilman had to struggle toShow MoreRelatedThe Central Value Connecting Mrs. Dalloway And The Hours1037 Words   |  5 Pages The central value connecting Mrs Dalloway and The Hours is an affirmation of life. Although suicides feature in both Stephen Daldry’s film and Virginia Woolf’s novel both texts echo Woolf’s words from her 1922 diary: ‘I meant to write about death, only life came breaking in as usual.’ Both Woolf’s modernist 1925 novel and Daldry’s 2002 postmodernist film focus on women whose rich inner lives are juxtaposed with their outer lives constrained by the contexts in which they live. The characters areRead MoreComparing The Film And Virginia Woolf s Mrs. Dalloway1244 Words   |  5 PagesDespite the fact that suicides feature in both the film and Virginia Woolf’s novel Mrs Dalloway, both texts echo Woolf’s words from her 1922 diary: ‘I meant to write about death, only life came breaking in as usual.’ Both Woolf’s modernist 1925 novel and Daldry’s 2002 postmodernist film which has Mrs Dalloway as a pivot al point for its three interwoven stories can be seen as life-affirming texts – with their major focus on women whose rich inner lives are juxtaposed with their outer lives constrainedRead MoreEssay on Death and Rebirth in the Hours1365 Words   |  6 Pagesinspired by Virginia Woolfs 1925 novel Mrs. Dalloway. It is no coincidence that The Hours was the working title Woolf had given Mrs. Dalloway as she was writing it. The emotional trauma that this film guides its viewers through becomes evident in the opening prologue. The scene begins with Virginia Woolf composing what would be her suicide notes to her husband Leonard and her sister Vanessa, the two most important people in her life (Curtis, 57.) She begins: I feel certain that I am going madRead MoreEssay on The Hours by Michael Cunningham1456 Words   |  6 PagesThe Hours, Michael Cunningham creates a dazzling fabric of queer references managing to intertwine the lives of three different women into one smooth nar rative. In this essay, I will discuss what makes The Hours queer literature, how the novel has contributed to the queer genre, the cultural significance of the novel, and I will discuss several points made in Jeanette McVicker’s critical article â€Å"Gaps and Absences in The Hours.† My aim, however, is not to say that Michael Cunningham’s The Hours isRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper And Mrs. Dalloway1220 Words   |  5 PagesIn Mrs. Dalloway, Septimus, a supporting character struggles with a mental illness that is most likely Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Similarly, in The Yellow Wallpaper, the narrator also struggles with a mental illness which could be related to postpartum depression. Charlotte Perkins Gilman, author of The Yellow Wallpaper struggled with depression and Virginia Woolf, author of Mrs. Dalloway, suffered childhood trauma and was bipolar (McMan). Both story’s views on mental illness are most likelyRead MoreMrs. Dalloway is a complex nove l covered only in the matter of one day through which Woolf unravels800 Words   |  4 Pages Mrs. Dalloway is a complex novel covered only in the matter of one day through which Woolf unravels many different sides to the human psyche. The book is set in mid June, London 1923 post world war ÃŽâ„¢. The novel follows Socialite Clarissa Dalloway on a course of one day as she takes care of some last minute preparations for a party set for later that evening. Throughout the morning, Clarissa reflects on her past and all choices that have led her to present day. The novel conveniently interminglesRead MoreVirginia Woolf s Mrs. Dalloway1234 Words   |  5 PagesVirginia Woolf’s renowned novel, Mrs. Dalloway, published in 1925, is a major literary achievement because of the narrative style in which Woolf rejects the traditional structures of Victorian fiction for the more progressive Modernist era. The entire novel spans one day in a post-First World War England. In Mrs. Dalloway, the reality of the novel is constructed through the minds of the characters rather than the conventional patriarchal â€Å"I.† Woolf replaces the single master perspective with an inclusiveRead MoreThe Social System Through The Eyes Of Virginia Woolf1889 Words   |  8 PagesEyes of Virginia Woolf Post World War I London society was characterized by a flow of new luxuries available to the wealthy and unemployment throughout the lower classes. Fascinated by the rapidly growing hierarchal social class system, Virginia Woolf, a young writer living in London at the time, sought to criticize it and reveal the corruption which lay beneath its surface. Mrs. Dalloway, Woolf’s fourth novel, was born in 1925 out of this desire precisely. A recurring focus in many of Woolf’s majorRead MoreIntertextuality in the Hours4441 Words   |  18 Pagesthe world of books and the world of film and between the world of reader and the book he is reading and it makes parallels between these worlds. The Hours is a movie made from a screenplay that was based on a book that was also based on another book. And now you are reading a work based on subjective decoding of these works. Life itself consists of series of the texts, one on top of the other. Virginia Woolf wrote â€Å"Mrs. DallowayRead MoreMrs. Dalloway by Virginia Woolf981 Words   |  4 Pagestime did I start work? What time is the game? Remember that one time? Time flies when you are having fun! These expressions of time are categorized into two types of time: external time which labels our presence in reality and internal time which guides our actions, thoughts, and emotion. Naturally, we assume that these times are set in unison to each other, as time is always relative to an observer. But what happens when the times of the external and internal differ? In the novel Mrs. Dalloway

Joseph Accused By Potiphars Wife Essay Example For Students

Joseph Accused By Potiphars Wife Essay The story of Joseph and Potiphars wife is told in the firstbook of the Bible, Genesis, chapter 39. Joseph was sold intoslavery by his brothers and bought by Potiphar, a high rankingofficial in the Pharaohs service. The Lord was with Joseph,and gave him success in everything he did. This pleased Potipharand before long Joseph was given the highest position in thehousehold, and left in charge when Potiphar was away. NowPotiphars wife found Joseph to be very good looking and hadapproached him several times saying come to bed with me; andJoseph being a man of God would not sin against his master or theLord, so he refused her. One day when all the servants weregone, Joseph entered the house and Potiphars wife approached himand while holding on to his cloak said come to bed with me. Joseph refused and left the house leaving his cloak behind. Potiphar Wife screamed for help saying that Joseph had attackedand tried to sleep with her. When her husband came home she toldhim the same false stor y. Potiphar was so angry at Joseph he hadhim locked up in Pharaohs prison. But while Joseph was in theprison, the Lord was with him. This is the subject matter forwhich Rembrandt choose to do his representational painting by. The content of the painting all reveals Rembrandtsinterpretation of the storyThis is the account from the Bible of the accusation of Joseph by Potiphars Wife. Rembrandt Van Ryn chose thisparticular story as the subject of his narrative paintingcompleted in 1655, under the title of Joseph Accused ByPotiphars Wife. Before researching this painting, I noted myfist perception of Rembrandt work of art. I realized throughthat as a result of my later research, my first perception didnot change, but instead were enriched and enlarged by a newfoundunderstanding of the man and his art. I largely concentrated onmy first and later perceptions in the design elements andprinciples of lighting or value, infinite space, color, and focalpoint. After conducting research, my first perceptions about thevalue, or relative degree of lightness or darkness, in thepainting did not change, but instead I learned that Rembrandtsuse of light and dark was both purposeful and a technique well-known to the artists of his time. When I first observed thispainting, I thought how dark everything seemed. The onlyexceptions to the darkness are the bed and Potiphars wife, bothof which are flooded in light almost as if a spotlight werethrown on her and the bed. Some light shines on Josephs faceand from behind him like a halo around his body, but this lightis very dim. Potiphar in great contrast to his wife is almost incomplete darkness. I first felt there should be more light fromperhaps candles to cast the entire room in partial light. Butafter research I found that Rembrandt liked strong contrasts oflight and dark and used them in his paintings all his life,letting darkness hide unnecessary details while using light tobring figures and objects out from the shadows. The highcontrast of light against dark changed an ordinary scene into adramatic one the Italian word for this use of light and darkis chiaroscuro (Muhlberger 9). Rembrandt must have believedthat too much detail in the room would have obscured the primaryplayers of this scene. He uses light to brightly illuminate themost important person in this painting, Potiphars wife. Indescending order of importance, Rembrandt places a glow aroundJoseph and casts Potiphar in a almost total darkness. I now amable to see how the contrast of light and dark demonstratesdrastically this crucial turning point in Josephs life. Thefact that an Italian word exists for Rembrandts lightingtechnique only proves the techniques establishment in the artworld he lived and worked in. .udd01bca75a4a98487c08af7f56c23608 , .udd01bca75a4a98487c08af7f56c23608 .postImageUrl , .udd01bca75a4a98487c08af7f56c23608 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udd01bca75a4a98487c08af7f56c23608 , .udd01bca75a4a98487c08af7f56c23608:hover , .udd01bca75a4a98487c08af7f56c23608:visited , .udd01bca75a4a98487c08af7f56c23608:active { border:0!important; } .udd01bca75a4a98487c08af7f56c23608 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udd01bca75a4a98487c08af7f56c23608 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udd01bca75a4a98487c08af7f56c23608:active , .udd01bca75a4a98487c08af7f56c23608:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udd01bca75a4a98487c08af7f56c23608 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udd01bca75a4a98487c08af7f56c23608 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udd01bca75a4a98487c08af7f56c23608 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udd01bca75a4a98487c08af7f56c23608 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udd01bca75a4a98487c08af7f56c23608:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udd01bca75a4a98487c08af7f56c23608 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udd01bca75a4a98487c08af7f56c23608 .udd01bca75a4a98487c08af7f56c23608-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udd01bca75a4a98487c08af7f56c23608:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Diseses EssayAs a result of research, my fist perceptions about thepresence of infinite space in the painting did not change, butinstead I gained an understanding of why Rembrandt employed thisparticular technique in his painting. I first noticed beforeconducting any research on Rembrandt or this painting how thewalls appear to go on indefinitely; there are no boundaries tothe room. In addition the artist chose not to add and details tothe walls or floor. I believe that the design element ofinfinite space, endless space as found in nature, best describesthis technique. Upon conducting my research I found that,according to Richard Muhlberger, Rembrandt learned to lavishatte ntion on small parts of a painting, leaving the rest withoutmuch detail. He knew that details look more impressivesurrounded by areas that are plain; they are harder to noticewhen they cover the entire surface of a painting (16). Obviously in this painting of Joseph Accused by Potiphars Wife,Rembrandts purpose in using the design element of infinite spaceis to attract the audience to the characters in this story andnot so much their surroundings, with the exception, perhaps, ofthe bed. Therefore, my perception of this design element wasonly enlarged by the knowledge of Rembrandts motivation inincluding infinite space in his composition. My first perceptions about the colors in the painting didnot change, but instead I gained an understanding of how thecolors Rembrandt used contributed to the charactersportrayal/depiction. Color, the character of a surface resultingfrom the response of vision to the wavelength of light reflectedfrom that surface, influences people in various ways. One of thegreatest color affects people is through their emotions. When Ifirst studied the painting of Joseph being Accused by Potipharswife, the dreary, somber colors left me feeling depressed. Ivenever really enjoyed Rembrandts painting because of his frequentuse of low intensity colors like muddy browns. But then, afterreading the passage in the first book of the Bible, Genesis,where the story in the painting is recounted, I began tounderstand Rembrandts reasoning behind his choice of colors (atleast) for this particular painting). Joseph is being accused byhis masters wife, the master he has served with all of hisability, of a crime he has not committed, not even in his mind,despite the many opportunities the woman has given him. ForRembrandt to successfully depict Josephs situation, he had to know the stories he painted and all the characters in them(Schwartz 15). Instead of focusing on the luxurious setting ofan Egyptian officials bedroom, Rembrandt chose to underscore theseriousness of Josephs situation through color. After researching Rembrandts painting, my first perceptionsof the focal point of this composition did not change, but I feltI understand better how he created the focal point. Beforeresearching Rembrandts work, I felt drawn to the woman in thispainting for the mere fact that she is easiest to see and in themiddle of the picture. The design principle, focal point, thepoint of emphasis that attracts attention and encourages theviewer to look further best explains how I was pulled in byPotiphars wife. Through my research I discovered Rembrandt, inorder to heighten the importance of Potiphars wifes action, herfingers pointing to the robe, placed her fingertips in the middleof the canvas (Munz 10). Another important placement involvesthe bed. After a careful look at the picture, I found the bedalso is located in the middle of the painting, and covers overhalf of the canvas. The bed also then another focal point sinceit dominates the composition while other areas are subordinate toit. Remb randts focal points work because of the strong contrastbetween light and dark and because of placement of the charactersin this story. Thus, through research I learned how Rembrandtachieves his focal points which my first perception initiallydiscovered. .u308595dd2bb4e11020a0e6b39a6b0cd6 , .u308595dd2bb4e11020a0e6b39a6b0cd6 .postImageUrl , .u308595dd2bb4e11020a0e6b39a6b0cd6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u308595dd2bb4e11020a0e6b39a6b0cd6 , .u308595dd2bb4e11020a0e6b39a6b0cd6:hover , .u308595dd2bb4e11020a0e6b39a6b0cd6:visited , .u308595dd2bb4e11020a0e6b39a6b0cd6:active { border:0!important; } .u308595dd2bb4e11020a0e6b39a6b0cd6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u308595dd2bb4e11020a0e6b39a6b0cd6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u308595dd2bb4e11020a0e6b39a6b0cd6:active , .u308595dd2bb4e11020a0e6b39a6b0cd6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u308595dd2bb4e11020a0e6b39a6b0cd6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u308595dd2bb4e11020a0e6b39a6b0cd6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u308595dd2bb4e11020a0e6b39a6b0cd6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u308595dd2bb4e11020a0e6b39a6b0cd6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u308595dd2bb4e11020a0e6b39a6b0cd6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u308595dd2bb4e11020a0e6b39a6b0cd6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u308595dd2bb4e11020a0e6b39a6b0cd6 .u308595dd2bb4e11020a0e6b39a6b0cd6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u308595dd2bb4e11020a0e6b39a6b0cd6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Economics (Law of Diminishing Returns) EssayNow without knowing the story of Joseph and Potiphars wifeone could piece together the events taking place by the contentin the painting. There is a large room partly lit. In thecenter is a bed with snow white sheets fitted perfectly, as if amaid had just finished dressing it. To the side of the bed,seated in an equally large chair, is a most troubled-lookingwoman. She is adorned with a lavish, bright-colored gown, andwears decorative jewelry, with her hair luxuriously woven. Shepoints with her right hand an accusing finger at a dark marooncloak draped on one of the bed posts. Her other hand nurses atorn lapel of an under garment , suggesting she has been in somemanner violated. She looks, with a creased forehead, at a tall,dark figure to the her left, whom for the lack of lighting shimmers in an elegant uniform, his head donning a turban. Heleans on the back of her chair, his hand closed, but his armpointing in the same direction as the cloak. His other arm is onhis hip directly above a sheathed sword. His overall stature andfacial expression appears quizzical, as he ponders over theserious situation. The situation of course concerns theaccusation his wife makes of the owner of the cloak. The lonelyfigure in the corner dressed in the drab olive green tunic standssilently listening to the woman, obviously the accused owner ofthis cloak. His maroon red sash with the keys reveals hisimportance to the household. Rembrandt clearly brought thisscene to life convincingly(Schwartz 15). For him to haveaccomplished this feat, he had to give each figure anappropriate expression, pose, and costume(Schwartz 15). Allthis Rembrandt has done, leaving us with a tragic moment inbiblical history captured beautifully in this awesome painting ofJoseph accused by Potiphars wife. Work CitedBarker, Kenneth. The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House,1995. Muhlberger, Richard. What Makes A Rembrandt A Rembrandt? NewYork: Viking, 1993. Munz, Ludwig. Rembrandt. New York: Harry N. Abrams Inc, 1984Schwartz, Gary. First Impressiaons:Rembrandt. New York: Harry N. Abrams Inc, 1992. Category: History

Pricing Strategy of Soft Drinks Today free essay sample

{draw:g} Table of Contents Soft drink Industry: {text:bookmark-start} Introduction: {text:bookmark-end} We will basically focus on the pricing strategies adopted by these two affluence companies, how the change in the strategy of one of them reflects in the strategy of the other. {text:bookmark-start} Entry barriers in soft drink Market: {text:bookmark-end} The several factors that make it very difficult for the competition to enter the soft drink market include: Network Bottling: Both Coke and PepsiCo have franchisee agreements with their existing bottler’s who have rights in a certain geographic area in perpetuity. These agreements prohibit bottler’s from taking on new competing brands for similar products. Also with the recent consolidation among the bottler’s and the backward integration with both Coke and Pepsi buying significant percent of bottling companies, it is very difficult for a firm entering to find bottler’s willing to distribute their product. We will write a custom essay sample on Pricing Strategy of Soft Drinks Today or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The other approach to try and build their bottling plants would be very capital-intensive effort with new efficient plant capital requirements in 2009 being more than $500 million. The advertising and marketing spend in the industry is very high by Coke, Pepsi and their bottler’s. This makes it extremely difficult for an entrant to compete with the incumbents and gain any visibility. Coke and Pepsi have a long history of heavy advertising and this has earned them huge amount of brand equity and loyal customer’s all over the world. This makes it virtually impossible for a new entrant to match this scale in this market place. Retailer Shelf Space (Retail Distribution): Retailers enjoy significant margins of 15-20% on these soft drinks for the shelf space they offer. These margins are quite significant for their bottom-line. This makes it tough for the new entrants to convince retailers to carry/substitute their new products for Coke and Pepsi. To enter into a market with entrenched rival behemoths like Pepsi and Coke is not easy as it could lead to price wars which affect the new comer. {text:bookmark-start} SWOT Analysis: {text:bookmark-end} Strength: Weakness: Opportunities: Threats: {text:bookmark-start} Various cola brands products Available: {text:bookmark-end} {text:bookmark-start} Pricing Strategy: {text:bookmark-end} {text:bookmark-start} Coke – Price {text:bookmark-end} text:bookmark-start} Pepsi – Price {text:bookmark-end} {text:bookmark-start} Pricing strategy for Buyer and Suppliers: {text:bookmark-end} Suppliers: The soft drink industry have a negotiating advantage from its suppliers as most of the raw materials needed to produce concentrate are basic commodities like Color, flavor, caffeine or additives, sugar, packaging. The producers of these products have no power over the pricing hence the suppliers in this industry are weak. This makes the soft drink industry a cheap input industry which helps in increasing their gross margin. Buyers: The major channels for the Soft Drink industry are food stores, Fast food fountain, vending, convenience stores and others in the order of market share. The profitability in each of these segments clearly illustrate the buyer power and how different buyers pay different prices based on their power to negotiate. These buyers in this segment are somewhat consolidated with several chain stores and few local supermarkets, since they offer premium shelf space they command lower prices, the net operating profit before tax (NOPBT) for concentrate producer’s is high. This segment of buyer’s is extremely fragmented and hence has to pay higher prices. This segment of buyer’s are the least profitable because of their large amount of purchases they make, it allows them to have freedom to negotiate. Coke and Pepsi primarily consider this segment â€Å"Paid Sampling† with low margins. NOPBT in this segment is very low. Vending: This channel serves the customer’s directly with absolutely no power with the buyer. {text:bookmark-start} Effect of competition and Price War on Industry profits: {text:bookmark-end} In the early 1990’s Coke and Pepsi employed low price strategy in the supermarket channel in order to compete with store brands. Coke and Pepsi however in the late 90’s decided to abandon the price war, which was not doing industry any good by raising the prices. Coke was more successful internationally compared to Pepsi due to its early lead as Pepsi had failed to concentrate on its international business after the world war and prior to the 70’s. Pepsi however sought to correct this mistake by entering emerging markets where it was not at a competitive disadvantage with respect to Coke as it failed to make any heady way in the European market. text:bookmark-start} Pricing Strategy used for market capitalization: {text:bookmark-end} Price is a very important part of the marketing mix as it can affect both the supply and demand for soft drinks. The price of soft drinks products is one of the most important factors in a customer‘s decision to buy. Price will often be the difference that will push a customer to buy our product over another, as long as most things are fairly similar. For this reason pricing policies need to be designed with consumers and external influences in mind, in order to effectively achieve a stable balance between sales and covering the production costs. Till the late 1980s, the standard SKU (Stock Keeping Unit) for a soft drink was 200 ml. In 1989, when Indian government opened the market to multinationals, Pepsi was the first to come in. Thums Up (a product of Parle) went up against the international giant for an intense onslaught with neither side giving any quarter. Around 1989, Pepsi launched 250 ml bottles and the market also moved on to the new standard size. When Coke re-entered India in 1993, it introduced 300 ml as the smallest bottle size. Soon, Pepsi followed and 300 ml became the standard.